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1 Carlson, Chester Floyd
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 8 July 1906 Seattle, Washington, USAd. 19 September 1968 New York, USA[br][br]Carlson studied physics at the California Institute of Technology and in 1930 he took a research position at Bell Telephone Laboratories, but soon transferred to their patent department. To equip himself in this field, Carlson studied law, and in 1934 he became a patent attorney at P.R.Mallory \& Co., makers of electrical apparatus. He was struck by the difficulty in obtaining copies of documents and drawings; indeed, while still at school, he had encountered printing problems in trying to produce a newsletter for amateur chemists. He began experimenting with various light-sensitive substances, and by 1937 he had conceived the basic principles of xerography ("dry writing"), using the property of certain substances of losing an electrostatic charge when light impinges on them. His work for Mallory brought him into contact with the Battelle Memorial Institute, the world's largest non-profit research organization; their subsidiary, set up to develop promising ideas, took up Carlson's invention. Carlson received his first US patent for the process in 1940, with two more in 1942, and he assigned to Battelle exclusive patent rights in return for a share of any future proceeds. It was at Battelle that selenium was substituted as the light-sensitive material.In 1946 the Haloid Company of Rochester, manufacturers of photographic materials and photocopying equipment, heard of the Xerox copier and, seeing it as a possible addition to their products, took out a licence to develop it commercially. The first Xerox Copier was tested during 1949 and put on the market the following year. The process soon began to displace older methods, such as Photostat, but its full impact on the public came in 1959 with the advent of the Xerox 914 Copier. It is fair to apply the overworked word "revolution" to the change in copying methods initiated by Carlson. He became a multimillionaire from his royalties and stock holding, and in his last years he was able to indulge in philanthropic activities.[br]Further ReadingObituary, 1968, New York Times, 20 September.R.M.Schaffert, 1954, "Developments in xerography", Penrose Annual.J.Jewkes, 1969, The Sources of Invention, 2nd edn, London: Macmillan, pp. 405–8.LRD -
2 Photography, film and optics
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Ding HuanGabor, DennisKlic, KarolLippershey, HansMarton, LadislausTournachon, Gaspard FélixBiographical history of technology > Photography, film and optics
См. также в других словарях:
Carlson,Chester Floyd — Carl·son (kärlʹsən), Chester Floyd. 1906 1968. American inventor of the xerographic process for copying documents (first patented in 1940). * * * … Universalium
Chester Floyd Carlson — (* 8. Februar 1906 in Seattle, Washington; † 19. September 1968 in New York) war Physiker und Patentanwalt. Er gilt als Erfinder des modernen Fotokopierers nach dem Prinzip der Elektrofotografie. Ebenfalls verwendet wird der Begriff Xerografie… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Chester F. Carlson — Chester Floyd Carlson (* 8. Februar 1906 in Seattle, Washington; † 19. September 1968 in New York) war Physiker und Patentanwalt. Er gilt als Erfinder des modernen Fotokopierers nach dem Prinzip der Elektrofotografie. Ebenfalls verwendet wird der … Deutsch Wikipedia
Chester Carlson — Chester Floyd Carlson Born February 8, 1906(1906 02 08) Seattle, Washington, United States Died September 19, 1968(1968 … Wikipedia
Chester Carlson — Chester Floyd Carlson (* 8. Februar 1906 in Seattle, Washington; † 19. September 1968 in New York) war Physiker und Patentanwalt. Er gilt als Erfinder des modernen Fotokopierers nach dem Prinzip der Elektrofotografie. Ebenfalls verwendet wird der … Deutsch Wikipedia
Chester Carlson — Chester Floyd Carlson (Seattle, Washington, EE.UU., 8 de febrero de 1906 19 de septiembre de 1968) fue un físico, inventor y empresario estadounidense. Biografía Fue el inventor de la electrofotografía, la cual más tarde recibiría el nombre… … Wikipedia Español
Carlson — /kahrl seuhn/, n. 1. Anton Julius /an tohn, ton/, 1875 1956, U.S. physiologist, born in Sweden. 2. Chester Floyd, 1906 68, U.S. inventor of xerographic copying process. 3. Evans Fordyce /fawr duys, fohr /, 1896 1947, U.S. Marine Corps general in… … Universalium
Carlson — /kahrl seuhn/, n. 1. Anton Julius /an tohn, ton/, 1875 1956, U.S. physiologist, born in Sweden. 2. Chester Floyd, 1906 68, U.S. inventor of xerographic copying process. 3. Evans Fordyce /fawr duys, fohr /, 1896 1947, U.S. Marine Corps general in… … Useful english dictionary
Liste der Biografien/Car — Biografien: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q … Deutsch Wikipedia
Otto Kornei — (* 29. April 1903 in Wien; † 10. Juni 1993 in Monterrey) war ein österreichischer Ingenieur, der erhebliche Anteile an der Erfindung der Elektrofotografie (Xerografie) hatte. 1938 (im Jahr des Anschlusses Österreichs an das Deutsche Reich) floh… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Xerox 914 — The Xerox 914 was the first successful commercial plain paper copier which in 1959 revolutionized the document copying industry. The culmination of inventor Chester Carlson s work on the xerographic process, the 914 was fast and economical.One of … Wikipedia
